Challenges in Enforcement of International Human Rights Law

Abstract

The enforcement of international human rights law poses significant challenges in achieving global justice and protecting individual dignity. Despite the existence of numerous treaties and international instruments, violations of human rights remain prevalent worldwide. This paper explores the historical development of international human rights law, highlighting its foundations in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and subsequent treaties. Key principles, such as universality and inalienability, underpin the legal framework, asserting that human rights are inherent to all individuals. However, enforcement mechanisms face obstacles, including state sovereignty, lack of political will, and inadequate international institutions. The tension between national interests and international obligations often results in weak compliance and accountability. Furthermore, the role of international organizations, like the United Nations Human Rights Council, is crucial yet limited in addressing violations. The paper emphasizes the need for a multifaceted approach that combines legal, political, and grassroots efforts to enhance the enforcement of human rights laws. Ultimately, fostering international cooperation and public awareness is essential for promoting a culture of respect for human rights and ensuring accountability for violations.

Keywords: International Human Rights, Enforcement Challenges, State Sovereignty, Universality, Accountability, United Nations, Global Justice.